BHS Day 28: Roy Wilkins

Hi! Welcome to the last day of this year's Black History Spotlight! It never ceases to amaze me how quickly this month passes by; just yesterday it was the end of January and we're already about to head into March. Gets me every year. Tomorrow--or sometime this weekend--I have an exciting (to me lol) post coming out to wrap up this year's series so please keep an eye on my IG account for when it goes live. It's more of a test to see how it takes off before I decide if it'll be a mainstay here, but I'm excited nonetheless. With that being said, let's get into today's entrant. From the bit I have read about him, I think it's safe to say that featuring him as a pioneer of civil rights is both controversial yet inarguable. I wanted to feature him for reasons that support both of those descriptors. He received quite a bit of pushback throughout his career for his beliefs, which shaped his approach to activism, but I still think he accomplished a lot of things that ultimately helped our message during the civil rights movement. Check out his Wikipedia; it's basically today's only source but I left some things off so that you'd look more into his story. Let's get into it!

Source

Name: Roy Ottoway Wilkins, 1901-1981

Profession: Activist, journalist

Why is the Spotlight on him today? For his contributions to the civil rights movement and his desire to present another way to advocate for the Black race

Notables:

--Is widely recognized as a senior statesman of the civil rights movement for his work

--Helped organize the March on Washington, then participated in both March Against Fear and the Selma to Montgomery marches

--Co-created the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights

--Served as editor of two weekly African-American newspapers, The Appeal and The Call, and later the NAACP's official publication The Crisis after W. E. B. DuBois left the organization

--Served as chairman of the National Emergency Civil Rights Mobilization

--Started out in the NAACP as an assistant secretary and eventually became the organization's longtime executive director

--Was criticized by non-radical left members of the civil rights movement, including one of the original founders of the NAACP, W. E. B. DuBois

--Co-created a plan that helped Blacks successfully transfer their accounts to a local Black-owned bank after denials for loans from White banks

--Was part of a collaboration smear campaign between the upper levels of the NAACP and FBI against Black entertainer Paul Robeson, whose views were seen as radical

--Graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in sociology

--Faced pushback for his liberal, more moderate views by the militant half of the civil rights movement, who didn't agree with his stance on the military and societal integration

--Was an early critic of the more militant beliefs of the Black Power movement, which also earned him some pushback from the younger activists whose activism styles were different

--Was awarded the NAACP's Spingarn Medal 

--Was an adviser to the War Department during World War II

--Served as the chair of the US department of the International Conference on Human Rights

--Became Director Emeritus of the NAACP after his retirement from the executive position

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 

Quote of the Day:

"We Negroes want the improvements in the public school system – and among them, of course, the elimination of segregation, based upon race – the institution of the same quality education in the schools attended by our children as those attended by other children, and we want Negro teachers and we want Negro supervisors, and we want all the opportunity, but the only way our form of government and our structure of society can survive is by some common indoctrination of our citizenry, and we have found this in the public school system. And, for any reformer, black or white, zealot or not, to come along and say, 'I'll destroy it, if it doesn't do like I want it to do,' is very dangerous business, as far as I'm concerned."

-Roy Wilkins

Today's organization: The Hidden Genius Project

What does this organization provide? Mentoring and training for young Black males with an interest in technology, entrepreneurship, and leadership. The organization was created with the intention of countering the disproportionate levels of unemployment Black men face as well as the low overall numbers of Black men in technology sectors. The mentors provide the training, support and resources to help young Black males find an option they may not have considered for career paths, or give them tools to start their own businesses in the future. This organization is California-based.

Donate | Programs | Volunteer | Invest | Partner

See you tomorrow!

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BHS Day 27: Vinnette Carroll

 

Hi! For the last Music and Entertainment Spotlight, we're focusing on a behind the scenes pioneer in the film industry. She preferred not to focus on the fact that she was a female director, preferring instead to focus on positively highlighting the Black experience through her art. While she preferred not to focus on it and I will honor that by not bringing too much attention to it either, I can acknowledge that for the time she was active in the industry, there were few women doing what she was doing and even fewer Black women, which opened the door for her to become a pioneer of the theater. Let's get into it!

Source

Name: Vinnette Justine Carroll, 1922-2002

Profession: Director, playwright, actress

Why is the Spotlight on her today? For her contributions to the theater world and her efforts to provide positive representation for Blacks through her plays

Notables:

--Was the first Black female director of a Broadway play

--Helped define a new genre in Broadway plays, the "gospel song play," which was intended to bring in the gospel roots many Blacks had and tie it into the experience being relayed in the play

--Founded the Urban Arts Corps, which was a not-for-profit community theater intended to help aspiring actors in nearby underserved communities

--Attended Edwin Piscator's Dramatic Workshop at the New School for Social Research

--Taught at her former high school, a performing arts school, as a theater arts teacher and director of the high school productions

--Collaborated on a play that was later nominated for three Tonys

--Created her own one-woman show and toured the US and West Indies

--Created her first play based on the works of James Weldon Johnson

--Won both an Emmy and an Obie for her work, the former for Beyond the Blues, a tv show she co-created, and the latter for her acting in Moon Over a Rainbow Shawl

--Formed an all-Black cast of the play Dark at the Moon, which launched the career of James Earl Jones, among others

--Created her final company, the Vinnette Carroll Repertory Company and served as artistic director and producer

--Was awarded a scholarship to attend the New School for Social Research as a postgrad in clinical and industrial psychology

--Studied at former classmate Lee Strasberg's studio, combining some of those techniques with those of Piscator and Bertolt Brecht to develop her own style of drama

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 | 3 | 4

Quote of the Day:

"I have had a great deal of hurt in the theater both as a Negro and as a woman, but I don’t get immobilized by it."

-Vinnette Carroll

Today's organization: Black Women for Wellness

What does this organization provide? Health services, advocacy and research into health issues that specifically affect the Black female community. They want to provide accessible and affordable services, create new community leaders to speak on health-related concerns, education for the community and society at large on the health issues Black females face, and provide research into the challenges we face. There are multiple programs that provide sex education for youth, diabetes prevention education, education for healthy eating, empowerment through voting, among others. This organization is California-based.

Donate | Volunteer

See you tomorrow!

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BHS Day 26: Ruth Moore

Hi! For the final MTS Spotlight this year I wanted to go back to the Science third, which I feel never gets a fair shake when compared to the coverage I do of the other two parts of this section. I want to focus on more Blacks in STEM and science fields in future installments of the series, so I figured let's kick things off today. Today's entrant doesn't have a ton of notables, but the ones she does have are extremely important, for both Blacks and women in STEM fields. As is the case with the other people I feature in this series every year, today's entrant was a pioneer in her field, one of the quiet dark horses of the field she entered. Through her work, she helped to further research--which leads to answers and resources--, which went a long way to improving a number of health issues, and at very least showing other Blacks and women that if she could do it, they could do it too. I don't know if that was necessarily her point, but that's partly what I take from it. Researchers often don't get their due, but I think they deserve it. Anyway, let's get into it! 

Source

Name: Ruth Ella Moore, 1903-1994

Profession: Bacteriologist, seamstress, educator

Why is the Spotlight on her today? For her accomplishments in education and science and her contributions to furthering medical research

Notables:

--Was the first Black woman to earn a PhD in natural sciences, with a specialty in bacteriology

--Taught hygiene and English classes during college at what is now Tennessee State University

--Was hired as an assistant professor at Howard University's Medical College

--Served as Howard's Head of the Bacteriology department and was promoted to associate professor

--Focused the bulk of her career on researching blood groups, the gut's microbiotic response to antibiotics, gum decay, and immunology

--Wrote her collegiate thesis on tuberculosis, focusing on the bacteria that causes the disease and her explanation of her tests on phlegm and urine with the intention to concentrate specifically on the tubercule bacilli

--Served as the associate professor of emeritus of microbiology at the university until her retirement

--Was given two honorary degrees throughout her career, a Doctorate in Literature from Oberon College and a Doctorate in Philosophy from Gettysburg University

--Was a member of the American Public Health Association

--Had three articles based on her research and findings published on at least three occasions

--Was an accomplished seamstress, creating most of her own garments, which were posthumously given to the Historic Costumes and Textiles at her alma mater Ohio State University

--Is featured along with other notable females in science in the book Women in Microbiology

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5

Quote of the Day:

"Each woman featured in Women in Microbiology has done so much to expand our knowledge of the natural world while also making it easier for the next generation of scientists to work collaboratively and in an atmosphere where people are judged by their intellect, imagination, skill, and commitment to service regardless of gender or race."

-Women in Microbiology overview

Today's organization: Black AIDS Institute

What does this organization provide? Advocacy and HIV-related services and education to the Black community. Their major goal is health justice, ensuring that the Black community is not only aware of the disproportionate numbers of Blacks affected by HIV and AIDS in comparison to other races, but that they are aware of their rights and resources when receiving help and treatment. They also dedicate a lot of their resources and time into the research behind HIV and the Black community. 

Donate | Programs | Get Involved

See you tomorrow!

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BHS Day 25: William Hastie

 

Hi! For our last ELM Spotlight in this year's series I decided to give the extra entry to the Legal third. I believe in years past I gave it to the medical or education fields, but I can't clearly remember giving it to the legal third too many times. I also noticed that I don't give a lot of attention to those in the legal field that didn't later go into politics. Today's entrant paved the way for Blacks in the upper levels of the legal system, and I wanted to give those accomplishments a moment in the sun. Per usual, please check out today's further reading and resource links, more so the last two. Let's get into it!

Source

Name: William Henry Hastie, Jr., 1904-1976

Profession: Lawyer, federal judge, educator, advocate

Why is the Spotlight on him today? For his achievements and contributions to the legal industry and his dedication to fighting for equality through his work

Notables:

--Was appointed by then-President Roosevelt to the District Court of the Virgin Islands, making him the first Black federal judge

--Became the first Black federal appellate judge after receiving a recess appointment from then-President Truman

--Was appointed by then-President Truman to become the first Black Territorial Governor of the US Virgin Islands

--Served as an assistant solicitor for the US Department of the Interior, where he advised the agency about racial issues, namely the overwhelming amount of inequality Blacks faced

--Graduated magna cum laude from Amherst College with a Bachelor of Arts

--Won himself support and recognition from his peers and civilians for his moderate and fair approach on the bench

--Was a behind the scenes instrument in changing how Black soldiers were treated alongside their White counterparts

--Graduated from Harvard Law with a Bachelor of Law then a Doctorate's in Juridical Science three years later

--Was the second African-American to sit on the editorial board of the Harvard Law Review

--Served as a civilian aide to the Secretary of War, where he advocated for the equal treatment of Black soldiers during World War II and eventually resigned in protest

--Taught law at Howard University to a number of students, including Thurgood Marshall, and later returned as Dean over Howard's Law school

--Plead a number of cases with Marshall, including the landmark Smith v Allright, which resulted in voting rights for Blacks, and Morgan v Virginia, which removed the Southern requirement to segregate buses (although this continued even after the ruling)

--Was honored by Yale, the main rival to his alma mater Harvard, with an honorary doctorate for his work

--Was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Omega Psi Phi fraternities, the former from Amherst and the latter from Howard

--Created the New Negro Alliance, which was meant to strong arm employers into hiring more Black workers through boycotts and pickets

--Was honored by Philadelphia's Third Circuit Library by having it renamed after him

--Was awarded NAACP's Spingarn Medal for helping to create the foundation for the arguments NAACP used when arguing against segregation in public and educational sectors

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 | 3 

Quote of the Day:

“For too long in America, whites have been up, and blacks have been down. We are trying as never before to correct this racial disparity. In the process whites must free themselves from the false pride in their whiteness, and many of them are doing so. But it will not help for blacks, aping the worst characteristics of whites, to acquire false pride and arrogance in their blackness.”

-William Hastie

Today's organization: Campaign for Black Male Achievement

What does this organization provide? Support, encouragement and empowerment for Black men across the nation to be their best. The organization focuses on a number of issues that affect the Black male community--criminal justice and reform, youth development, responsible fatherhood and families, narrative change (to name a few),--and makes a point to help the men counter those issues through education and support. 

Donate | Join | Resources | Shop

See you tomorrow!

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BHS Day 24: Ola Hudson

 

Hi! For our final Art & Fashion Spotlight this year we're going back to fashion. Last Fashion Spotlight I featured a trailblazer who wore beautiful garments, and this time I'd like to focus on someone who created them. My original choice for this Spotlight is a person who isn't often discussed or highlighted, so I want to take the time to research him properly. I guess that means at least one of next year's Fashion Spotlights is already in the works then, lol. Today's entrant doesn't have a ton of information available on her either, but I know more about her than my original choice, and her story's quite interesting. Let's get into it!

Source

Name: Ola Hudson, 1946-2009

Profession: Fashion and costume designer, photographer, dancer

Why is the Spotlight on her today? For her underrated accomplishments and contributions to fashion and influencing pop culture through her work

Notables:

--Designed some of the clothing for David Bowie's 10th album, most notably the now iconic "Thin White Duke" waistcoat and pants, and later the clothing worn on the tour for said album

--Designed for a number of celebrities during her career, including Linda Gold, Janet Jackson, her son Slash, and The Pointer Sisters

--Studied costume and fashion design at Santa Monica College

--Attended the Lester Horton School of Modern Dance, then the Paris Institute of Dance, Le Loft, and the Max Rivers School with original aspirations to be a dancer

--Had her own design company, Ola Hudson Enterprises, Inc. 

--Has some of her work, including a few of the more notable pieces she created for Bowie, on permanent display at the Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art

--Designed specialized collections for different brands, including Henri Bendel and Neiman Marcus

--Had her work featured in a fashion show called  "Los Angeles Space-Age Designs: Past-Present-Future"

--Opened her own boutique called Skitzo on the Sunset Strip

--Was able to have her photography and poetry featured in major publications throughout her career

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 | 3 | 4

Quote of the Day:

“She was responsible for exposing me to a lot of the music that would influence me as a musician growing up. She turned me on to all different forms of art & the importance of artistic self expression & creative communication through music & dance from as early on as I can remember. She really was all things artistic & creative personified & the world is a lesser place without her.”

-Saul "Slash" Hudson, about his mother

Today's organization: Barbershop Books

What does this organization provide? Resources, empowerment and an environment to teach and encourage young Black boys to read. The major goal is to create kid-friendly reading spaces in barbershops, with barbers who can help cultivate a positive response to reading. It helps to counter the large statistic of Black boys and their proficiency in reading, as well as involve Black men in the process of teaching young men to read and enjoy doing so. 

Donate | The Process | Barbershop Packages

See you tomorrow!

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BHS Day 23: Ora Washington

Hi! For our last Sports Spotlight in this year's series we're focusing on a sport I don't often feature. Funny enough, there are more sports I don't watch or am not familiar with than sports I like or watch on my overall list. lol Basketball is one of the sports I haven't featured too often over the years, so I wanted to make sure I covered it at least once during this year's series. We're closing things out with another trailblazer, another name that unfortunately seems lost to history, both due to time and with the general downplaying of female basketball stars and pioneers. Let's get into it!

Source

Name: Ora Washington, 1898-1971

Profession: Multi-sport athlete (basketball and tennis)

Why is the Spotlight on her today? For her simultaneous achievements at a professional level in two sports, for her contributions to the future of Black women in professional sports

Notables:

--Was known in her lifetime as the "Queen of Tennis"

--Quickly established herself as a force in tennis and went undefeated for a number of years

--Is said to be some inspiration behind the increase of public tennis courts in the States during her career

--Held a total of 23 national tennis titles throughout her career

--Played basketball for nearly 20 years, some of which was concurrent to her tennis career

--Began playing basketball while actively playing tennis, playing different positions and even doing a stint as coach to her team

--Was the star of her team and her dominance in both sports is still noted today

--Was posthumously honored with a historic marker at the Germantown Y, where she first began playing tennis

--Retired from tennis twice, once being lured back by a new challenger then pushed back into retirement, this one permanent, by those worried for up-and-coming players having to match her in a game

--Won her singles and doubles tournament titles simultaneously

--Was posthumously inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

--Was posthumously inducted in the Black Athletes Hall of Fame

--Dealt with segregated play for her entire career and was never able to definitively declare herself the best tennis player in the country as she was not allowed to play against Whites

--Was posthumously inducted in the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 | 3

Quotes of the Day:

“They say she was an all-around athlete who had speed and a smashing serve. But racial barriers were too strong to break during her day, so many of her achievements were never acknowledged.”

-Charlie Mays

"The idea, typically, for female athletes is — the best strategy is you play hard. But the second you get off the court, you put your lipstick on, you fix your hair up and you talk about how much you’re doing this until you can get married and have a family like every other normal woman. That's very much a strategy."

-Pamela Grundy

Today's organization: NAACP Legal Defense Fund

Source

What does this organization provide? Advocacy and legal support for inequality in America. They work to defend and protect equality laws and mandates, improve the quality of the candidates put in public offices, and ultimately seek to improve the legal structure of our country through both the courts and school. It continues the core values of its parent organization, NAACP, through the legal system. 

Donate | Scholarships | Careers

See you tomorrow!

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BHS Day 22: Frederick Patterson

 

Hi! For our final Community Spotlight in this year's series (are we really heading into the last week of BHS already??), we're closing it out with another individual. I tried to trade off between talking about community organizations and individuals; since I'm featuring so many different Black orgs this year I didn't want to focus the Community Spotlights primarily on them as well. Today's entrant could have easily gone into education, but I put him here because I think he ultimately benefited the community a bit more. Let's get into it!

Source

Name: Frederick Douglass Patterson, 1901-1988

Profession: Entrepreneur, educator

Why is the Spotlight on him today? For his contributions and dedication to education, the results of which are still around today, and his genuine desire to better the world through his work

Notables:

--Founded the United Negro College Fund

--Won a federal contract from Tuskegee to develop a training site and eventually a full base at the site, which became the birthplace of the Tuskegee Airmen

--Was the third president of the Tuskegee University

--Is responsible for improving Tuskegee's standard of education to what it is today by making it a full university and creating graduate programs, which are still around today

--Earned his teaching certificate at 14 and went on to receive both a Master's and Doctorate's from Iowa State University, then another Doctorate from Cornell University

--Was the only Black student working in Iowa State University's clinic

--Created Tuskegee's School of Veterinary Medicine, his line of study, which was the first veterinary program at a Black institution of any kind

--Sat on President Truman's President Commission on Higher Education, which was the committee responsible for creating and enacting Title III of the 1965 Education Act

--Created a program for low-income residents to learn how to build new homes from a concrete construction method later named the "Tuskegee concrete block," which was then used to develop and build homes more affordably

--Was a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom

--Sat on the boards of various HBCUs and was later awarded 20 honorary degrees, some of which were from the colleges he formerly served as a board member

--Was posthumously honored by his organization by having the Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute created in his honor as a research institute into the educational issues facing Black students at all levels

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 | 3 

Quote of the Day:

“I learned a lesson with regard to race that I never forgot: how people feel about you reflects the way you permit yourself to be treated. If you permit yourself to be treated differently, you are condemned to an unequal relationship.”

-Frederick D. Patterson

Today's organization: Wellspring House

Source

What does this organization provide? A combination of services meant to service the low-income and needy. Homeless prevention services range from sheltering those who are homeless, helping get families into permanent homes, and helping those in danger of losing their homes with one-time financial support. The organization provides job training and career planning classes, sponsors eligible students with scholarships, and provides college and career prep information.

Donate | Volunteer | Welcome the Stranger

See you tomorrow!

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BHS Day 21: Hiram Revels

Hi! For our second Political Spotlight I'm focusing on another pioneer in government. I could have sworn I'd featured him in a past series, but I think he was another of my rollover entrants and I never got around to it. What I think is interesting about today's entrant is that he represents the opposite party from what most Blacks politically identify as today. It really illustrates how the political landscape has so drastically shifted in the time that today's entrant rose to prominence until now. I'd recommend exploring that on your own time as well; it made me question my own political leanings and want to find out how and why politics have changed over the last couple of centuries. Let's get into it!

Name: Hiram Rhodes Revels, 1827-1901

Profession: US Senator, minister, educator

Why is the Spotlight on him today? For his groundbreaking accomplishments in the world of politics

Notables:

--Was the first Black US Senator and served for two years during Reconstruction, then as interim Secretary of State a few years later after the sitting SoC died

--Fought in the Civil War as a recruiter for the USCT (United State Colored Troops), organized two regiments of troops and later served as a chaplain

--Served as a principal to an all-Black school 

--Was known in his political career for his moderate opinions and diplomacy on the floor

--Made his first course of action reinstating the southern Black politicians who had been forced out of office before his tenure began

--Served as the first president of what is now Alcorn State University

--Was primarily a preacher for the first part of his career and was even arrested for preaching to Blacks in Missouri; continued to preach throughout his political and educational tenure

--Initially faced opposition to his appointment to the Senate because of his race; the Democrats cited Dred Scott (a law that dictated that Blacks could never be seen or recognized as American citizens) as their primary reason and therefore did not fulfill the mandatory criteria of US citizenship

--Made racial equality a large basis of his platform during his political career, calling for the ending of segregation as a legal requirement, singling out the segregation in public schools to help make his point

--Was able to secure jobs for Black men at the Washington Navy Yard, which had not at that time started hiring Black workers

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 | 3 | 4

Quotes of the Day:

"I remarked that I rose to plead for protection for the defenseless race that now send their delegation to the seat of Government to sue for that which this Congress alone can secure to them. And here let me say further, that the people of the North owe to the colored race a deep obligation that is no easy matter to fulfill.”

“I find that the prejudice in this country to color is very great, and I sometimes fear that it is on the increase…. If the nation should take a step for the encouragement of this prejudice against the colored race, can they have any grounds upon which to predicate a hope that Heaven will smile upon them and prosper them?”

-Hiram Rhodes Revels

Today's organization: Blacks in Government

Source

What does this organization provide? Initially, support to Black employees in civil service in the Rockville area but has since expanded to provide the same support and resources for Blacks in civil service and government at all levels across the nation. The organization provides Black civil service employees with the platform they need to confront inequalities in their workplaces and communities, a solid support system to keep them encouraged and able to do their best, and a collective source of strength for them to achieve their goals. 

Membership Info | FLAG Program

See you tomorrow!

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BHS Day 20: Mamie Smith

Hi! For our third M&E Spotlight we're taking it back to music. For all the women I have in this year's series, I have yet to feature one in this category. I wanted to keep this year's entrants kind of in the same era of entertainment and music, as they were all integral to the scene that helped shape the first part of the 20th century for African-Americans. If not for any of these entertainers helping bring Black music to the forefront, a large part of the backdrop for the Harlem Renaissance likely would not be there. We're going to learn about one of those entertainers today. Let's get to it!

Source

Name: Mamie Robinson Smith, "The Queen of the Blues," 1891-1946

Profession: Vaudevillian, singer, dancer, actress

Why is the Spotlight on her today? For her contributions to the music industry and her work in helping popularize the jazz and blues genres

Notables:

--Was the first Black female singer to formally record a music track

--Had one of her signature songs, the hit 'Crazy Blues,' which was technically her third recording but her first hit, added to the National Recording Registry for its lasting impact on the music industry

--Is credited with helping to create 'race music,' which was music specifically catered to a particular race--for African-Americans it was gospel, blues, jazz and comedy tracks

--Began her career touring with a white musician group and vaudeville entertainers

--Created her own group, the Jazz Hounds, and toured to different clubs, concerts and shows

--Helped give birth to the niche era 'classic female blues,' which helped the female blues scene thrive after the success of Crazy Blues

--Retired from performing, turning her attention to acting and was credited for at least 7 films until retiring from public life altogether due to illness

--Was posthumously honored with a new headstone and interment after initially being buried in an unmarked grave  

Further reading and resources:

1 | 2 | 3 

Quote of the Day:

"The recording of 'Crazy Blues' led the way for the professionalization of black music, for the black entertainment industry, and indeed for the immense popularity of black music today."

-Angela Davis

Today's organization: Uniquely You Summit

Source

What does this organization provide? Uplifting support, resources and encouragement for young Black girls. Through the organization, Black girls are encouraged to widen their horizons, develop a sense of self, learn to love themselves and foster a feeling of sisterhood with their peers and fellow Uniquely You members. They teach their members to celebrate Black experiences, encourage them to create change within their local communities, and help them understand the societal and cultural pressures of the Black race. 

Donate | Volunteer | Internships

See you tomorrow!

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